Orthodontics is a specialized branch of dentistry focused on correcting misalignments of the teeth and jaw to improve both appearance and function. Through precise treatment planning, orthodontics can:

• Straighten crooked or protruding teeth
• Correct bite and spacing issues (malocclusions)
• Align the lips, teeth, and jaw for a balanced facial profile

Modern orthodontic treatments—including traditional braces, clear braces, and Invisalign® aligners—allow patients of all ages to achieve healthier, more confident smiles with greater comfort and efficiency than ever before.

Reasons for Orthodontics

While many people seek orthodontic treatment for cosmetic reasons, properly aligned teeth and jaws are also essential for long-term oral health and function. Orthodontics can prevent or correct problems such as:

• Jaw misalignment
• Speech difficulties
• Irritation or injury to the inner cheeks and tongue
• Gum disease caused by crowded or overlapping teeth
• Excessive wear of tooth enamel

When malocclusions (improper bites) are left untreated, they can contribute to tooth decay, chewing difficulties, and even chronic pain in the jaw, face, head, or neck. Addressing these issues early through orthodontic care helps protect both oral health and overall well-being.

Candidates for Orthodontic Treatment

Although orthodontic treatment is most commonly performed during childhood or adolescence, many adults also benefit from braces or clear aligners. In children, early treatment helps guide proper jaw growth and ensures that permanent teeth erupt in correct alignment.
Addressing orthodontic issues early allows for more efficient, effective treatment and can prevent more complex problems later in life.

The American Association of Orthodontists recommends that children have their first orthodontic evaluation by age seven. Early detection gives the orthodontist the opportunity to monitor jaw development and tooth eruption, ensuring optimal long-term results.

Orthodontic Procedures

To determine whether orthodontic treatment is needed, an orthodontist performs a comprehensive evaluation of the teeth, bite, and jaw alignment. If treatment is recommended, braces or other orthodontic appliances are used to gradually move the teeth into their proper positions for improved alignment and function.

Traditional braces consist of brackets attached to the teeth with wires that apply gentle, continuous pressure to guide movement over time. Depending on the case, additional appliances such as headgear, retainers, plates, or palatal expanders may also be used to correct jaw position or spacing issues.

Modern braces come in several materials — including stainless steel, ceramic, and clear plastic — some of which are nearly invisible for a more aesthetic appearance.

While the placement of braces is not painful and does not require anesthesia, mild discomfort or soreness may occur in the first week or two as the teeth and gums adjust. Over-the-counter pain relief can help ease this temporary sensitivity.

In certain cases, tooth extractions may be necessary to create space for proper alignment. Once treatment is complete, the teeth are evenly spaced and properly positioned.

The duration of orthodontic treatment varies by individual needs, but most patients wear braces for approximately one to two years to achieve optimal results.

Adjusting to Dental Braces

Proper care and maintenance are essential for achieving the best results during orthodontic treatment. Patients wearing braces should:

• Brush and floss thoroughly after every meal using a soft-bristled toothbrush and special orthodontic floss or threaders to remove food particles around brackets and wires.
• Visit the orthodontist every 4 to 6 weeks for adjustments and progress checks. These visits ensure that the braces continue to move the teeth as planned.
• Continue routine dental check-ups with a general dentist to maintain overall oral health and prevent cavities during treatment.

Foods to Avoid

• Patients with braces can enjoy most foods but should avoid:
• Sticky foods like caramel, taffy, and chewing gum
• Hard foods such as nuts, popcorn, and hard candies
• Chewing on ice or other hard objects, which can damage brackets or wires

Sports and Activities

Braces do not limit participation in sports or other activities. However, patients who play contact sports should wear a protective mouth guard to safeguard both the teeth and orthodontic appliances.

By maintaining excellent oral hygiene and following these care guidelines, patients can help ensure a smooth, successful orthodontic treatment and a healthy, confident smile once braces are removed.

Benefits of Orthodontic Treatments

Today’s orthodontic treatments are more comfortable, efficient, and discreet than ever before. Thanks to significant advances in materials and technology, braces now move teeth more precisely and often in less time than traditional methods of the past.

Many modern options—such as clear ceramic braces, self-ligating brackets, and Invisalign® aligners—are barely noticeable, allowing patients to straighten their teeth confidently without the look of metal braces.

These innovations have transformed orthodontic care, making treatment faster, more aesthetic, and more comfortable for both teens and adults.

Additional Resources

MedlinePlus
National Institutes of Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
WebMD