Scaling and root planing is a deep-cleaning dental procedure performed to treat the early stages of periodontal (gum) disease. The goal is to remove plaque and tartar buildup from below the gum line, where regular brushing and flossing can’t reach.

This treatment helps to stop gum disease from progressing and promotes the healing of gum tissue. In some cases, scaling and root planing may also be recommended before periodontal surgery to improve tissue health and overall treatment outcomes.

By removing bacteria and smoothing the root surfaces, this procedure allows the gums to reattach more securely to the teeth, reducing inflammation and helping restore a healthier foundation for long-term oral health.

The Scaling and Root Planing Procedure

During the scaling portion of the procedure, a dental instrument called a scaler is used to carefully remove plaque and tartar buildup from beneath the gums. Plaque often accumulates in periodontal pockets—spaces that form between the teeth and gums as gum disease progresses. If left untreated, these pockets can deepen, causing teeth to loosen or even fall out over time.

Once the plaque and tartar are removed, the tooth surface is often rough. The root planing phase smooths these surfaces, allowing the gums to heal and reattach securely to the tooth. To ensure comfort, local anesthesia or mild sedation may be used during the procedure. Your dentist may also recommend antibiotics or antimicrobial rinses to prevent bacterial growth and promote healing.

Most patients experience little to no discomfort during or after treatment and can return to normal activities immediately. Any minor soreness can be managed with over-the-counter medication. After scaling and root planing, it’s essential to maintain excellent oral hygiene and attend regular dental cleanings to prevent new pocket formation and maintain gum health.

Additional Resources

MedlinePlus
National Institutes of Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
WebMD